Nursing in Nigeria offers 15+ distinct career paths, each with different training durations ranging from 2-5 years. Whether you’re eyeing the 3-year RN diploma route or considering a 5-year BNSc programme, this guide breaks down exactly what it takes to get certified in Nigeria’s healthcare system.
Over 110,000 nurses currently serve Nigeria’s population of 200+ million people. That’s roughly one nurse per 1,800 citizens – way below WHO recommendations. The shortage creates massive opportunities for aspiring healthcare professionals, but choosing the right path requires understanding the landscape.
The Nursing and Midwifery Council of Nigeria (NMCN) regulates most nursing roles, while the Community Health Practitioners Registration Board of Nigeria (CHPRBN) oversees community health workers. These regulatory bodies ensure standards but also determine how long your journey to certification will take.
So exactly how many years? The short answer: 2-5 years depending on your chosen path. But the full picture is more nuanced, and getting it wrong could cost you time and money.
The Foundation: Basic Nursing Roles and Their Training Duration
| Step | Qualification | Duration | Pre-requisite | Certifying Body |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | JCHEW (Junior Community Health Extension Worker) | 1 year | SSCE | NPHCDA |
| 2 | CHEW (Community Health Extension Worker) | 2 years | SSCE | NPHCDA |
| 3 | CHN Diploma (Community Health Nurse) | 4 years | SSCE | NMCN |
| 4 | RN Diploma (General Nurse) | 3 years | SSCE | NMCN |
| 5 | BNSc (Direct-entry Bachelor of Nursing Science) | 4–5 years | SSCE + JAMB/UTME | University & NMCN |
| 6 | BNSc Top-Up (for RN Diploma holders) | 1–2 years | RN Diploma | University & NMCN |
| 7 | Registered Midwife (Post-Basic Midwifery) | 1.5 years | RN | NMCN |
| 8 | Post-Basic Specializations (ICU, OR, Psych, PH) | 1–2 years | RN or BNSc | NMCN |
| 9 | MSc Nursing / MPH (Public Health) | 1–2 years | BNSc + 2 yrs clinical exp | University |
| 10 | PhD / DNP (Doctoral in Nursing) | 3–5 years | MSc + research portfolio | University |
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Fast-Track Options: RN Diploma → BNSc Top-Up in just 1 year.
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Diploma vs Degree: Diploma paths (JCHEW–CHN–RN) total ~8 years to core RN/CHN status; direct BNSc is 4–5 years.
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Specialists & Leadership: Post-basic certs (Step 8) sharpen your niche; MSc/PhD (Steps 9–10) unlock academia, policy, executive roles.
Registered Nurse (RN) – The 3-Year Gateway
Training Duration: 3 years (Diploma) or 5 years (BNSc) Regulatory Body: NMCN Entry Requirements: 5 O’level credits including English, Maths, Biology, Chemistry, Physics
The RN qualification serves as the foundation for all nursing careers in Nigeria. Think of it as your “driving license” for the profession – you can’t advance without it.
Diploma Route (3 Years):
- Offered at Schools of Nursing nationwide
- More practical, hands-on approach
- Faster entry into the workforce
- Limited advancement opportunities without further education
BNSc Route (5 Years):
- University-based programme
- Academic depth plus clinical practice
- Includes RN, RM, and RPHN certifications
- Opens doors to management and international opportunities
- One-year mandatory internship included
The choice between diploma and degree often comes down to your long-term goals. Want to start earning quickly? Go diploma. Planning to pursue specializations or work abroad? The BNSc is your friend.
Registered Midwife (RM) – Maternal Health Specialists
Training Duration: 18 months (post-RN) or integrated in BNSc Prerequisites: Must hold RN certification first Focus: Pregnancy, childbirth, and postnatal care
Midwifery in Nigeria can be pursued two ways:
- Post-Basic Route: Complete RN first, then add 18 months of midwifery training
- BNSc Integration: Earn both RN and RM certifications within the 5-year programme
Nigeria’s maternal mortality rates make skilled midwives incredibly valuable. Rural postings often come with hardship allowances – extra cash that sweetens the deal.
Community Health Workers: The Grassroots Heroes
Community Health Extension Workers (CHEWs)
Training Duration: 3 years Institution: Colleges of Health Technology Regulatory Body: CHPRBN Role: Primary healthcare delivery in communities
CHEWs are the unsung heroes of Nigeria’s healthcare system. They work in primary health centres, focusing on:
- Disease prevention and health education
- Basic diagnosis and treatment
- Immunization programmes
- Maternal and child health services
- Community outreach initiatives
Entry Requirements:
- 5 O’level credits (English, Maths, Physics, Chemistry, Biology/Health Science)
- Pass entrance examination
- Interview at College of Health Technology
Junior Community Health Extension Workers (JCHEWs)
Training Duration: 2 years Certification: Certificate level Career Path: Can upgrade to CHEW after 2 years experience
JCHEWs represent the fastest entry into healthcare – just 2 years and you’re qualified to work. Perfect for those who want to start contributing to their communities quickly.
Progression Path: JCHEW (2 years) → Work experience (2+ years) → CHEW programme (2 years via direct entry)
This pathway allows you to earn while learning, making it financially attractive for many students.
Specialized Nursing Roles: Advanced Career Paths
Post-Basic Specializations (1-2 Years Each)
Once you’ve got your RN, the specialty world opens up:
| Specialization | Duration | Focus Area | Demand Level |
|---|---|---|---|
| Psychiatric Nursing | 12-18 months | Mental health care | High |
| Pediatric Nursing | 12 months | Children’s healthcare | Very High |
| Critical Care/ICU | 12-18 months | Intensive care units | Extremely High |
| Perioperative Nursing | 12 months | Surgical procedures | High |
| Nurse Anesthetist | 18-24 months | Anesthesia administration | Very High |
| Public Health Nursing | 12 months | Community health | Moderate |
| Orthopedic Nursing | 12 months | Bone/joint disorders | Moderate |
Popular Combo: Many nurses complete RN → Midwifery → ICU specialization. This triple certification makes you incredibly marketable.
Advanced Degrees and Leadership Roles
Master’s in Nursing (MSc): 18 months – 3 years
- Research-focused programmes
- Leadership and management tracks
- Academic career preparation
PhD in Nursing: 3-5 years
- University teaching positions
- Healthcare policy influence
- Research leadership roles
Educational Pathways: Choosing Your Route for Global Career Opportunity
| Nigerian Entry Point | Target Country/Region | Required Exams & Certifications | Additional Requirements | Processing Time |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RN Diploma / BNSc | USA / Canada | – NCLEX-RN (USA & most Canadian provinces) – CGFNS Certification (optional for USA) – IELTS/OET (English proficiency) – Provincial Jurisprudence exam (Canada) |
3–6 month Clinical Skills Review course (USA) | 6–12 months |
| RN Diploma / BNSc | United Kingdom / Ireland | – CBT + OSCE via NMC (UK) – IELTS/OET – PIN (Irish NMBI) + Adaptation Programme (Ireland) |
3–6 month Adaptation/Preceptorship program | 6–12 months |
| RN Diploma / BNSc | Australia / New Zealand | – ANMAC assessment – IELTS/OET or PTE – Registration via NMBA (AUS) or NCNZ (NZ) |
5–12 week Bridging program (AUS) | 6–9 months |
| Post-Basic Specialist | Gulf States (UAE, Saudi) | – DHA / HAAD / MOH exam (UAE) – Prometric (KSA) – IELTS/OET (sometimes waived) |
1–3 month orientation at accredited hospital | 4–8 months |
| JCHEW / CHEW / CHN | UK / Canada (Public Health) | – IELTS/OET – Credential evaluation (e.g., WES or UK NARIC) |
3–6 month bridging course in Community Health | 6–12 months |
Traditional Pathway Comparison
| Qualification | Duration | Institution Type | Total Investment |
|---|---|---|---|
| JCHEW Certificate | 2 years | College of Health Tech | ₦200,000 – ₦400,000 |
| RN Diploma | 3 years | School of Nursing | ₦300,000 – ₦600,000 |
| CHEW Diploma | 3 years | College of Health Tech | ₦350,000 – ₦700,000 |
| BNSc Degree | 5 years | University | ₦800,000 – ₦2,000,000 |
Note: Costs vary significantly between public and private institutions
Direct Entry Options
Got an RN or RM already? Several programmes offer accelerated entry:
- BNSc Direct Entry: 4 years instead of 5
- CHEW Upgrade: 2 years for qualified JCHEWs
- Post-Basic Specializations: Skip prerequisites with relevant experience
Entry Requirements Breakdown
For All Nursing Programmes:
- English Language (Credit)
- Mathematics (Credit)
- Biology (Credit)
- Chemistry (Credit)
- Physics (Credit)
Additional Requirements:
- JAMB score for university programmes
- Entrance examinations for most institutions
- Medical fitness certification
- Age requirements (usually 16-35 years)
Certification Process: What You Need to Know
NMCN Registration (Nurses and Midwives)
Step 1: Complete accredited programme Step 2: Pass professional qualifying examination Step 3: Submit registration documents Step 4: Pay registration fees (approximately �N45,000-₦60,000) Step 5: Receive practice license
License Renewal: Every 3 years CPD Requirements: Minimum 20 units annually International Recognition: NMCN certification accepted in several countries
CHPRBN Registration (CHEWs and JCHEWs)
Similar process but different fee structure:
- JCHEW Registration: ₦25,000 – ₦35,000
- CHEW Registration: ₦35,000 – ₦50,000
- Renewal: Every 3 years with CPD evidence
Foreign-Trained Professionals
Coming from abroad? Here’s what awaits:
Requirements:
- Academic credential evaluation
- 18-month orientation programme
- Special qualifying examination
- English proficiency test (if applicable)
- Higher registration fees
Duration: 18-24 months total process Success Rate: Approximately 70-80%
Career Opportunities and Salary Expectations for Nurses in Nigeria
Public Sector Salaries (Monthly)
| Level | Entry Level | Mid-Career | Senior Level |
|---|---|---|---|
| JCHEW | ₦80,000 – ₦120,000 | ₦150,000 – ₦200,000 | ₦250,000 – ₦300,000 |
| CHEW | ₦100,000 – ₦150,000 | ₦180,000 – ₦250,000 | ₦300,000 – ₦400,000 |
| RN (Diploma) | ₦120,000 – ₦180,000 | ₦200,000 – ₦300,000 | ₦350,000 – ₦500,000 |
| RN (BNSc) | ₦150,000 – ₦220,000 | ₦250,000 – ₦400,000 | ₦450,000 – ₦650,000 |
| Specialized Nurses | ₦200,000 – ₦350,000 | ₦400,000 – ₦600,000 | ₦700,000 – ₦1,000,000+ |
Private Sector Premiums
Private hospitals typically offer 20-40% higher salaries plus better working conditions. International hospitals and NGOs can pay even more – sometimes double public sector rates.
International Opportunities
Find Your International Healthcare Career Path
Pathway Details
Role:
Licensure Exams:
Bridging/Preparation:
Processing Time:
Nigerian nursing qualifications are recognized in:
- United Kingdom (after OSCE/CBT)
- Canada (via NCLEX-RN)
- Australia (with bridging programmes)
- Middle East (direct recognition in some countries)
- Other African countries (through mutual recognition agreements)
Regional Considerations and Cultural Factors
North vs South: Different Challenges
Northern Nigeria:
- Higher demand for community health workers
- Cultural sensitivity requirements for female practitioners
- Hardship allowances common
- Limited infrastructure challenges
Southern Nigeria:
- More hospital-based opportunities
- Higher competition for positions
- Better continuing education access
- Urban-rural salary disparities
Language Considerations
While English is the official language, local language skills boost your effectiveness:
- Hausa (Northern regions)
- Yoruba (Southwest)
- Igbo (Southeast)
- Pidgin English (Universal communication tool)
Many rural postings specifically request multilingual healthcare workers.
Common Challenges and How to Navigate Them
Academic Challenges
- Science Subject Requirements: Many students struggle with Chemistry and Physics. Consider remedial classes if needed.
- Clinical Rotations: Practical experience can be intense. Build stamina early.
- Professional Exams: NMCN and CHPRBN exams have moderate pass rates. Invest in good study materials.
Financial Planning
- Tuition Fees: Vary wildly between institutions. Public schools are cheaper but more competitive.
- Living Expenses: Factor in accommodation, feeding, and textbooks.
- Equipment Costs: Uniforms, stethoscopes, and other clinical tools add up.
Career Navigation
- Specialization Timing: Don’t rush into specialization. Get solid general experience first.
- Networking: Join professional associations early. The connections matter.
- Continuing Education: Plan for ongoing learning costs and time commitments.
Step-by-Step Action Plan
For Secondary School Leavers
Year 1:
- Focus on science subjects (aim for credits in all 5 required subjects)
- Research institutions and their specific requirements
- Start saving for application and tuition fees
- Visit healthcare facilities to understand different roles
Year 2:
- Apply to multiple institutions (don’t put all eggs in one basket)
- Prepare for entrance examinations
- Consider backup options (JCHEW if nursing applications fail)
- Complete required medical examinations
For Career Changers
Assessment Phase:
- Evaluate transferable skills
- Consider financial implications of career change
- Assess family/personal commitments
- Research age requirements (some programmes have upper limits)
Transition Strategy:
- Start with shorter programmes (JCHEW/CHEW) for faster entry
- Consider part-time or distance learning options where available
- Plan for income reduction during training period
- Build healthcare-related volunteer experience
Future Outlook: What’s Coming
Technology Integration
- Telemedicine Skills: Increasingly important, especially post-COVID
- Electronic Health Records: Digital literacy becoming essential
- AI-Assisted Diagnostics: Basic understanding helpful for career longevity
Policy Changes
- Universal Health Coverage: Will create more positions
- Rural Healthcare Initiative: Increased focus on community health workers
- International Partnerships: More opportunities for overseas training and work
Emerging Specializations
- Infection Control Nursing: High demand post-pandemic
- Geriatric Care: Aging population creates opportunities
- Mental Health: Growing awareness increases demand
- Home Healthcare: Rising middle class drives private demand
Frequently Asked Questions
General Questions
Q: Can I work while studying nursing? A: Limited opportunities due to intensive clinical requirements. Some students do weekend or holiday jobs, but full-time work is challenging.
Q: Which is better – diploma or degree? A: Depends on your goals. Diploma for faster employment, degree for advancement opportunities. Many diploma holders later upgrade to BNSc.
Q: Are there age limits for nursing programmes? A: Most institutions prefer candidates under 35, but some accept older applicants. JCHEW programmes are often more flexible.
Specialization Questions
Q: When should I choose a specialization? A: After 2-3 years of general practice. This gives you exposure to different areas and helps you make informed choices.
Q: Can I change specializations later? A: Yes, but you’ll need to complete additional training. Most specializations require 12-18 months of new coursework.
Q: Which specializations pay the most? A: ICU/Critical Care, Nurse Anesthesia, and Perioperative Nursing typically command higher salaries.
Career Questions
Q: Is nursing a good career choice in Nigeria? A: Yes, especially with growing healthcare needs and international opportunities. Job security is excellent.
Q: Can I work abroad with Nigerian nursing qualification? A: Yes, but additional examinations and sometimes bridging programmes are required. UK, Canada, and Middle East are popular destinations.
Q: What about private practice? A: Possible with advanced qualifications. Many nurses run private clinics, especially in urban areas with less regulatory oversight.
Ready to Start Your Healthcare Journey?
The path to becoming a healthcare professional in Nigeria offers multiple routes, each with its own timeline and opportunities. Whether you choose the 2-year JCHEW route or the comprehensive 5-year BNSc programme, the key is starting with a clear understanding of your goals and constraints.
Remember: Nigeria needs more healthcare workers. Whatever path you choose, you’ll be addressing a critical national need while building a rewarding career.
Next Steps:
- Research Institutions: Visit NMCN official website for accredited schools
- Connect with Professionals: Join nursing groups on social media for insider insights
- Plan Finances: Start saving early – education costs continue rising
- Stay Updated: Healthcare policies change frequently; stay informed
Your healthcare career starts with a single decision. Make it count.